兰芳共和国

兰芳共和国（1777年—1884年），或兰芳大统制共和国，是现代学者对海外华人在婆罗洲创立的一个社群或政权的称呼，此社群或政权自称为兰芳公司。

1770年，广东嘉应（今梅州市梅县区）客家人罗芳伯在东南亚西婆罗洲（今西加里曼丹）坤甸 (Pontianak) 成立了“兰芳公司”，1777年罗芳伯将“公司”片面改为“共和国”，即公司共和国，但向清朝称臣时仍使用“兰芳公司”。

兰芳共和国建立时，第一任总制是陈兰伯，第二任总制是罗芳伯，因此又称为“兰芳大统制共和国”；亦有人因第二任总制罗芳伯而称其为“芳伯共和国”。

兰芳大统制共和国以坤甸或东万律为首都，并将立国之年（1777年）定为“兰芳元年”。国家元首称“大唐总长”或是“大唐客长”，意思是华人作客海外的首长，且“国之大事皆众议而行”，以类似于民主选举和禅让的形式传承。前后历任十二位总长。

1884年，兰芳公司被荷兰东印度公司击败而灭亡，残余势力逃至苏门答腊。逃往苏门答腊的部分华人随后往东北边迁徙，并于马来半岛定居。

兰芳共和国从立国至灭亡，共经历一百零七年。

 

国旗

印章

历任总长

1777-1795罗芳伯

1795-1799江戊伯

1799-1804阙四伯

1804-1811江戊伯

1811-1823宋插伯

1823-1938刘台二

1838-1842古六伯

1842-1843谢桂芳

1843-1945叶腾辉

1845-1848刘乾兴

1848-1876刘阿生

1876-1880刘亮官

1990-1884刘阿生

參考書目

1793, 8^th June 《The Times》

1820谢清高《海录》

1901 吴宗焯《嘉应州志》

1905梁启超 《中国殖民八大伟人传》

1943溫雄飛《南洋華僑通史》。

1961羅香林《西婆羅洲羅芳伯等所建共和國考》

1985溫廣益《印度尼西亞華僑史》

1995巫樂華《南洋華僑史話》

2005張永和&張開源《羅芳伯傳》

Classical’s Hippocratic Oath

I swear by Apollo Physician and Asclepius and Hygieia and Panaceia and all the gods and goddesses, making them my witnesses, that I will fulfill according to my ability and judgment this oath and this covenant:

To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine, and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage and to teach them this art—if they desire to learn it—without fee and covenant; to give a share of precepts and oral instruction and all the other learning to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but no one else.

I will apply dietetic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice.

I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness I will guard my life and my art.

I will not use the knife, not even on sufferers from stone, but will withdraw in favor of such men as are engaged in this work.

Whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick, remaining free of all intentional injustice, of all mischief and in particular of sexual relations with both female and male persons, be they free or slaves.

What I may see or hear in the course of the treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account one must spread abroad, I will keep to myself, holding such things shameful to be spoken about.

If I fulfill this oath and do not violate it, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and art, being honored with fame among all men for all time to come; if I transgress it and swear falsely, may the opposite of all this be my lot.

1964’s Hippocratic Oath

I swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment, this covenant:

I will respect the hard-won scientific gains of those physicians in whose steps I walk, and gladly share such knowledge as is mine with those who are to follow.

I will apply, for the benefit of the sick, all measures [that] are required, avoiding those twin traps of overtreatment and therapeutic nihilism.

I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science, and that warmth, sympathy, and understanding may outweigh the surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug.

I will not be ashamed to say "I know not," nor will I fail to call in my colleagues when the skills of another are needed for a patient's recovery.

I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know. Most especially must I tread with care in matters of life and death. If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God.

I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart, a cancerous growth, but a sick human being, whose illness may affect the person's family and economic stability. My responsibility includes these related problems, if I am to care adequately for the sick.

I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.

I will remember that I remain a member of society, with special obligations to all my fellow human beings, those sound of mind and body as well as the infirm.

If I do not violate this oath, may I enjoy life and art, respected while I live and remembered with affection thereafter. May I always act so as to preserve the finest traditions of my calling and may I long experience the joy of healing those who seek my help.

Traffic Accident Settlement Forms

泗芦小学

顾名思义，泗芦小学校名字源自泗里街及芦勃路之首字拼成 。

泗芦小学（SJK Sze Lu）位于芦勃路六里，创办于1926年，是泗里街第一间学校，亦是第一间华文小学。1934年，创办泗芦中学，也是泗里街最早的华文中学。

1926-1965

学校董事部

1926 由黄水仙、黄可川、刘忠朗、黄天龙、陈庆梅和黄仕容等发起创办。校地为刘家洙捐赠。原为私垫，后易为公立小学。第一批学生30余人。当时的第一任校长是由中国聘请的黄佑香。

无奈英政府办学政策，建校土地权只好转让给卫理公会，以教会名义申请办学。

1932  成为低中高极六班之完整小学。

1934 创办泗芦中学，同时增建一座双层楼校舍。黄良蟾为第一任中学校长。这是当时泗里街最早的华文中学。学生除本校小学部学生外，有来自附近小学生以及部分来自诗巫，民那丹等学生。

1936 泗光华文中学（泗里街第二间中学）创立。

1939 泗芦中学和泗光华文中学合并，另建新校舍于芦勃路3哩处，名为华桥中学（今泗里街高级中学）。

1937 沐律都坡（Merudu）开设泗芦小学第一分校，（1953年改为泗兴小学）。

1946 双溪里本（Sungei Libong, Bayong）开设泗芦小学第二分校。

1953 改为议会小学。

1965 学生人数不足而关闭。

1942-1944 日据期间停办。

1945 复校。

1961泗芦小学开办第一届割胶班。

1966-1973

 泗里街县议会

1966泗芦小学由泗里街县议会接管。却因校地属于卫理公会，学校建设发展停滞不前。

1969董事部筹得$5553.00， 买下邻壁地皮，由县议会扩建教室及办公室。

1974-

教育部

1984获水电和供应。

1986学校篮球场建成。

2002建雨盖篮球场。

2005开办学前教育班。

泗芦小学历代校长名单

1926－1929黄佑香

1930 李秀天

1931－1934 黄良贤

1935 林温亚

1936－1938 陈文新

1939－1944 王一英

1945卓元衍

1946林秉光

1952 邱植干

1953－1955 黄良蟾

1956－1957 许华翔

1968－1974 俞祖荣

1974－1989 刘邦桂

1990－1994 陈兴邦

1994－刘永华