Kepayang Forest Hill Map

堂号

堂号即祠堂的名称或称号，主要用于区别姓氏、宗族或家族。来源主要有：地名（一般表示宗族的发源地）、典故（与本族祖先相关的故事或传说）、训词和祖先名等。堂号除在祠堂使用外，还会在宅院、族谱、礼簿、灯笼、牌位、墓碑等处使用。

王      太原、琅邪、北海、陳留、東海、高平、京兆、天水、

   東平、新蔡、新野、山陽、中山、章武、東萊、河東、

   金城、廣漢、長沙、堂邑、河南、三槐

張       清河、南陽、吳郡、安定、敦煌、武威、范陽、鍵為、

   沛國、梁國、中山、汲郡、河內、高平、百忍、 金鑑

劉       彭城、沛國、弘農、河間、中山、梁郡、頓丘、南陽、

   東平、高密、竟陵、長沙、河南、黎照、德馨

周       汝南、廬江、尋陽、臨川、陳留、沛國、泰山、河南、

   武功、篤祐、愛蓮

黃       江夏、爍陽、安定、房陵、漢東、上谷、譙郡、紫雲、

   種德、燕山

陳       穎川、汝南、下邳、廣陵、河南、德星、德聚、繩武

林       西河、南安、問禮、忠孝、永澤、林本、善慶、崇本

馮       始平、杜陵、長樂、穎川、上黨、京兆、弘農、河間

廖       汝南、鉅鹿、武威、清武、崇遠、垂裕、承祐

吳       延凌、勃侮、僕陽、讓德、種德

賴       穎川、松陽、西川、南康、河南

徐       東海、高平、東莞、瑯琊。滌陽

簡       范陽、涿郡、追來、溯源、孝思

余       下邳、吳興、高陽、風采、武溪

趙       天水、南陽、金城、下邳、穎川

梁       安定、天水、河一、河南、梅鏡

楊       弘農、天水、四知、栖霞

謝       陳留、會稽、東山、寶樹

郭       太原、華陰、馮翊、汾陽

洪       燉煌、豫章、宣城、六桂

丘       河南。吳興、扶風、敦睦

曾       魯國、廬陵、武城、三省

蘇       武功、扶風、藍田、洛陽

呂       河東、東平、東萊、著存

朱       沛國、吳郡、河南、鳳陽

施       吳興、臨濮、錢江、潯海

柯       濟陽、錢塘、齊郡、瑞鵲

江       濟陽、淮陽、六桂

蕭       蘭陵、廣陵、芳遠

彭       淮陽、隴西、宜春

簷       河間、渤海、繼述

鄧       南陽、安定、高密

石       武威、渤海、三典

嚴       天水、馮翊、華陰

錢       彭城、下邳、吳興

許       高陽、汝南、長興

李       隴西、燕樓

葉       南陽、下邳

顏       魯國、琅琊

魏       鉅鹿、任城

翁       鹽官、錢塘

方       河南、六桂

古       新安、國寶

姜       天水、龍泰

巫       平陽、忠孝

龔       武陵、六桂

阮       陳留、常興

鄭       滎陽

蔡       濟陽

沈       吳興

范       高平

蔣       樂安

对联

对联又称对子，对仗工整，平仄协调，是一字一音的汉文语言独特的艺术形式，是中国传统文化瑰宝。

对联就是由格律诗的对偶句和骈赋的俪句发展而来的，它保留着律诗的某些特点。因此古人把吟诗作对相提并论，在一定程度上反映了两者之间的关系。

早在秦汉(±200BC)以前，中国民间过年就有悬挂桃符的习俗。以驱鬼压邪。这种习俗持续了一千多年，到了五代(±900AD)，人们开始把联语写在桃木板上。

五代辛寅逊写了中国历史上第一则对联：“新年纳余庆，嘉节号长春”。

宋代(±1000-1300AD)以后，中国民间新年悬挂春联已经相当普遍，北宋诗人王安石诗中“千门万户曈曈日，总把新桃换旧符”就是当时过年盛况的真实写照。

到了明代(±1400-1600AD)，人们才始用红纸代替桃木板，出现我们今天所见的春联。

“辛寅逊仕伪蜀孟昶，为学士。王师将致讨之前岁岁除，昶令学士作诗两句，写桃符上。寅逊题曰：‘新年纳余庆，佳节号长春。”

《谈苑》孔平仲●宋

“孟昶每岁除，命学士为词，题桃符，置寝门左右。末年，辛寅逊撰词，昶以其非工，自命笔云：‘新年纳余庆，嘉节号长春。”

《宋史·蜀世家》脫脫 等●元

Fishes of Malaysia

Geographical Indication of Sarawak

The protection of geographical indications in Malaysia is governed by the Geographical Indications Act 2000 and the Geographical Indications Regulations 2001 which came into force on 15 August 2001.

 A geographical indication is defined as an indication which identifies any goods as originating in a country or territory, or a region or locality in that country or territory, where the quality, reputation or other characteristic of the goods is essentially attributable to their geographical origin. Geographical indications may be used on any natural or agricultural product, or any product of handicraft or industry. http://onlineip.myipo.gov.my/index.cfm/search/gi/index

Sabah - A brief History

Brunei Sultanate 1368 - 1877 ( West Coast ) 1368                Brunei Sultanate founded by Awang Alak Betatar ( Sultan Muhammad Shah ) 1485-1524       Golden Age of Brunei.                         Brunei Sultanate control all of Borneo coastline, island of Luzon & Seludong 1658                Brunei ceded the northern and eastern part of North Borneo to Sulu, after the Brunei Civil War

Sulu Sultanate 1658 – 1878 ( East Coast ) 1405    Sulu Sultanate founded by Johorean Sharif ul-Hashim ( Sultan Sharif ) 1578    independence from Brunei Sultanate after the Castilan War 1658    Brunei ceded the northern and eastern part of North Borneo to Sulu, after the Brunei Civil War

American Trading Company of Borneo, ATCB

11 Aug 1865 – 11 Aug 1875

1865, Aug 11^th             Leasing by Sultan Abdul Momin of Brunei of territories comprising Sulaman River & Paitan River to Charles Lee Moses, the American Consul General of Brunei

1865, Aug 11^th             Leasing by Pengiran Temenggung of dependencies of Benoni, Kimanis, Sulaman & Tempasuk to Charles Lee Moses

1865, Sep 9^th          Concessionary rights sold to American Trading Company of Borneo.

1865, Nov 24^th             Commission from Sultan of Brunei appointing Torry Rajah of Ambong and Maroodoo

1865, Dec                    Ellena founded.

1875                  Concessionary rights sold to Gustavus Baron von Overbeck

Dent & Overbeck Association, ODA

27 Oct 1877 – 1881

1877, Mar 27^th                       Dent & Overbeck Association

1877, Dec 29^th             Grant by Sultan Abdul Momin of Brunei of territories comprising Gaya Bay & Sapangar Bay, Sulaman River & Paitan River, & Sibuco River.

1877, Dec 29^th             Grant by Pangeran Tumongong of Brunei of the Province of Kimanis and Benoni

1877, Dec 29^th             Commission from Sultan of Brunei appointing Gustavus Baron de Overbeck Maharaja of Sabah and Rajah of Gaya & Sandakan.

1878, Jan 22^nd             Grant by Sultan Jamaladzam of Sulu of Territories and Lands on the Mainland of Borneo

1878, Jan 22^nd             Commission from Sultan of Sulu appointing Baron de Overbeck Datu Bandahara and Rajah of Sandakan.

North Borneo Provisional Association, NBPA

 Apr 1881 – Jun 1882

1881, Mar                   British North Borneo Provisional Association

1881, May                   William Hood Treacher appointed 1^st Governor of NB

1881, Dec 17^th             Kudat made capital

North Borneo Chartered Company, NBCC

(British North Borneo Company, BNBC )

1 Nov 1881– 26Jun 1946

1881, Nov 1^st               Charter Granted to the British North Borneo Company

1882, Apr 2^nd               British North Borneo Chartered Company formed

1884, Mar 20^th            Grant by Pangeran Muda Damit Tejudin of the River Putatan

1884, Nov 5^th               Cession by Sultan of Brunei, Pangeran Bandahara & Pangeran di Gadong of Territory from Si Putong to Kwala Paniow

1884                            Capital moved to Sandakan

1885, Mar 7^th             Madrid Protocol

1888, May 12^th            Protectorate of United Kingdom

1889, May 12^th            Grant by Pangeran Shahbandar of Padas Damit

1901, Sep 7^th               Grant by Sultan of Brunei of Territory between Sepitong and Trusan Rivers

Japanese Occupation 軍事占領

1 Dec 1941 – 10 Jun 1945

1 Dec 1941 – 10 Jun Under the Japanese occupation, British Borneo was renamed North Borneo (北ボルネオ), Labuan as Maida Island (前田島), and Dutch territories as South Borneo (南ボルネオ). 

North Borneo was divided into 5 province : Kuching (久鎮州), Miri (美里州),  Sibu (志布州),  Eastern Sabah  (東岸州), Western Sabah (西岸州).
1945

British Military Administration, BMA

 12 Sep 1945 – 1 Jul 1946

1945, Aug 15^th             Surrender of Japan

1945, Sep 12^th             British Military Administration

1946, Jul 1^st                 Crown Colony of North Borneo

British Crown Colony

 1 Jul 1946 – 30 August 1963

1952                            Radio Sabah

1953                            Sabah Times

1962, Jan 17^th              Cobbold Commission

1962, Jun 21^st              Cobbolt Commission recommended the joining of North Borneo along with Malaya, Singapre and Sarawak to form Malaysia

1962, Aug 13-14^th        14-Point Memorandum ( later 20-Point )

1962, Sep 12^th             North Borneo legislative council agreed to the formation of Malaysia

Sabah – Independence

 31 August 1963 – 15 Sep 1963

Sabah - Malaysia

 16 Sep 1963 –

1963, Jan 20^th              Indonesia launched Konfrontasi

1963, Jul 9^th                 Malaysia Agreement signed at London

1963, Jul 31st              Malaysia Act 1963 enacted

1963, Aug 8^th               Brunei rejected the proposal

1963, Sep 16^th             Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah formed Malaysia

1965, Aug 9^th               Singapore ceased to be a state of Malaysia

2012, Sep 16th            Malaysia Day made Public Holiday